Chapter 11 Supplementary Material
 
Tables and Figures available here provide supplementary material for Chapter 11 of the second draft of the Working Group I contribution to the Fourth Assessment Report.

 

Table S11.1 Boundaries for the regions assessed in this chapter

File:  Table-S11.1.pdf

 

Table S11.2 Surface air temperature and precipitation bias of present day AR4 simulations, using the 1980-1999 period of the 20C3M simulations and comparing to HadCRUT2v (Jones, et. al., 2001) for temperature and and Xie and Arkin (1998) for precipitation. Temperature is in degrees Celsius, while precipitation values are fractional biases. Shown are the minimum median (50%) and maximum biases among the models, as well as the 25% and 75% quartile values. Colors indicate regions/seasons for which the middle half of the distribution is all of one sign, with light blue indicating positive and light brown negative precipitation biases.

File:  Table-S11.2.pdf

 

Table S11.3 Quantiles (percentiles) of changes in climate based on probability densities developed according to Tebaldi et al. (2004, 2005), for the A1B scenario (see section 11.2.2 for a description of the method). The changes are calculated as the end of the twenty first century minus the end of the 20th century for temperature, and as percentage change 21st century - 20th century/20th century for precipitation. Temperature change is in °C, and precipitation is percentage change.   *SEU (southern Europe) corresponds to the area referred to as MED on the maps showing the quantiles (Figure 11.2.1 and Supplementary material Figures S11.2.1 and S11.2.2

File:  Table-S11.3.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.2.1 Quantiles of regional probability distributions derived by Greene et al. (2006) (top bar), Tebaldi et al. (2005) (bottom), and the empirical distribution of the AOGCM responses (middle bar) for temperature change in JJA under the A2 emissions scenario, at the end of the 21st century. Color bars indicate the 5–95% confidence interval. Lines through bars indicate the 25th, 50th, 75th, quantiles.

File:  S11.2.1.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.2.2 Quantiles of regional probability distributions derived by Tebaldi et al. (2004a) (top bar), and the empirical distribution of the AOGCM responses (bottom bar) for percentual precipitation change in DJF under the A2 emissions scenario, at the end of the 21st century. Color bars indicate the 5–95% confidence interval. Lines through bars indicate the 25th, 50th, 75th, quantiles.

File:  S11.2.2.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.2.3 Quantiles of regional probability distributions derived by Tebaldi et al. (2004a) (top bar), and the empirical distribution of the AOGCM responses (bottom bar) for percentual precipitation change in JJA under the A2 emissions scenario, at the end of the 21st century. Color bars indicate the 5–95% confidence interval. Lines through bars indicate the 25th, 50th, 75th, quantiles.

File:  S11.2.3.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.2.4 Results from the perturbed physics ensemble of Harris et al. (2006) showing evolution in the median, and 80%, 90%, and 95% confidence ranges for annual surface temperature change, for a 1% per annum increase in CO2 concentration for 150 years, for all 24 regions described by Giorgi and Francisco (2000).

File:  S11.2.4.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.2.5 Results from the perturbed physics ensemble of Harris et al. (2006) showing evolution in the median, and 80%, 90%, and 95% confidence ranges for December-January-February precipitation change, for a 1% per annum increase in CO2 concentration for 150 years, for all 24 regions described by Giorgi and Francisco (2000).

File:  S11.2.5.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.1.1 For each of 6 continental regions, the number of models out of (21) that project increases in precipitation contrasted with the number that predict increases in precipitation minus evaporation, between the period 1980-1999 in the 20C3M simulations and the period 2080-2099 in the A1B scenario

File:  S11.3.1.1.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.1.2 The ratio of the ensemble mean and annual mean temperature responses A2/A1B and B1/A1B, at each point of a 64 x 128 grid, using 21 models in the AR4/PCMDI archive, for the years (2080-2099 minus 1980-1999).

File:  S11.3.1.2.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.1.3 As in S11.3.1.2, but for Dec-Jan-Feb.

File:  S11.3.1.3.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.1.4 As in S11.3.1.2, but for Jun-Jul-Aug.

File:  S11.3.1.4.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.2.1 Mean bias averaged over 21 AR4 models in annual mean African precipitation. Data(CMAP) are an update of Xie and Arking (1997). Models are averaged over the years 1980-1999 from the 20C3M simulations.

File:  S11.3.2.1.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.2.2 The annual mean precipitation response in 21 AR4 models. Shown is the fractional change in precipitation between the years 1980-1999 of the 20C3M simulations and 2080-2099 of the A1B scenario, averaging over all available realizations for each model. Brown indicates a reduction in precipitation and green an increase. The fractional change in the precipitation averaged over all models is shown in the lower right hand corner.

File:  S11.3.2.2.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.6.1: AR4 Ensemble annual mean surface air temperatures compared with observation. a) observed from Jones, et al., (2001); b) model mean; c) model mean bias. Units °C.

File:  S11.3.6.1.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.6.2 As Suppl. Fig. S11.3.6.1, but for precipitation. Observations (CMAP) from Xie and Arkin (1998). Units mm/day.

File:  S11.3.6.2.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.8.1 Annual surface air temperature change from 1979–1998 to 2079–2098 in the Arctic under the A1B scenario. Top: mean response, averaged over 21 AR4 models, middle and bottom: number of AR4 models that generate a warming greater than 2°C and 4°C, respectively.

File:  S11.3.8.1.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.8.2 Maps of the annual surface air temperature changes in the Arctic at the end of the 21st century (2080-2099) under A1B scenario from the 21 individual AR4 models, using 1980-1999 from the 20C3M simulations as control.

File:  S11.3.8.2.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.8.3 Mean annual percentage precipitation change (averaged over 21 AR4 models) from 1979–1998 to 2079–2098 in the Arctic under the A1B scenario.

File:  S11.3.8.3.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.8.4 Annual cycle of monthly mean Antarctic temperature and percentage precipitation changes (averaged over the Antarctic continent) for 2079–2098 minus 1979–1998, under the A1B scenario. Thick lines represent the ensemble mean, averaged over 21 AR4 models. The dark grey area represents the ±one standard deviation across the different models, while the light grey area shows the total range of the models.

File:  S11.3.8.4.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.8.5 Panel with the geographical maps of the annual surface temperature changes in the Antarctic at the end of the 21st century (2080-2099) under A1B scenario from the 21 individual AR4 models, using 1980-1999 from the 20C3M simulations as control.

File:  S11.3.8.5.pdf

 

Suppl. Figure S11.3.8.6 Mean annual percentage precipitation change (averaged over 21 AR4 models) from 1979–1998 to 2079–2098 in the Antarctic under the A1B scenario.

File:  S11.3.8.6.pdf